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Should the thyroid gland be removed if you have a goiter?
The thyroid is one of the most important glands in our body. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. The thyroid hormone secreted by this gland plays an important role in human growth, development, and various physiological and metabolic processes.
When the thyroid gland swells and becomes visible in the front of the neck for some reason, we call it a goiter. The main causes of thyroid gland swelling are: thyroiditis, nodules or tumors, cysts, and thyroid cancer. When the thyroid is swollen, many patients panic and wonder if the gland should be removed! In most cases, the thyroid gland does not have to be removed. In very rare cases, it requires surgery. Find out in which cases the thyroid gland has to be removed:
1. If a tumor or nodule is suspected of being cancerous or cancer is detected (most thyroid cancers are completely curable with proper treatment).
2. Toxic multinodular goiter: In this case too, the first treatment is not surgery. Surgery is performed if oral medications and radioiodine therapy can control the disease.
3. Any tumor that is not cancerous but is large enough to put pressure on the airway or esophagus may need to be removed.
4. Although follicular adenoma is a non-cancerous tumor, cancer detection tests cannot differentiate between it and a normal tumor. Therefore, it is best to remove such tumors surgically.
5. If even a simple thyroid tumor or nodule suddenly starts growing very rapidly, it is best to have surgery to remove it.
6. In addition to the above reasons, surgery is performed if the patient feels embarrassed due to the tumor, considering external beauty.
In most cases of surgery, except for cancer, the entire thyroid gland is not removed. Only the tumor is removed. These patients are also less likely to need to take thyroid medication in their post-surgery lives.
Dr. Anjana Saha , Hormone and Diabetes Specialist, National Cancer Research Institute and Hospital.
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